Status of the Environment, Society and Economy (SENSE) of Sikkim and a New Vision and Future Strategy for the Progress of Sikkim

The Sikkim SENSE (Status of Environment, Nature, Society and Economy) report presents an integrated assessment of the ecological, social, and economic conditions of Sikkim, highlighting the interconnections between natural resources, human development, and governance. It situates Sikkim’s development trajectory within its unique Himalayan geography, rich biodiversity, and socio-cultural diversity, while also examining the pressures arising from infrastructure expansion, urbanisation, tourism, and climate change.

The report documents significant environmental challenges, including land degradation, forest and biodiversity stress, water insecurity, and increasing vulnerability to natural disasters. These ecological concerns are closely linked with social and economic transformations, such as changing livelihoods, migration, uneven development across districts, and growing dependence on non-farm sectors. While Sikkim has achieved notable progress in education, health, and organic agriculture, the report underlines persistent gaps in employment opportunities, institutional capacity, and equitable access to resources.

A central argument of the report is that Sikkim faces a multi-dimensional development challenge where ecological fragility, socio-economic aspirations, and governance limitations intersect. It calls for a shift from sectoral and short-term interventions to an integrated, long-term development strategy rooted in ecological sustainability, community participation, and local institutional strengthening. By emphasising regenerative environmental practices, inclusive social development, and diversified economic pathways, the report proposes a new vision for Sikkim’s future that balances growth with ecological resilience and social equity.

Keywords

Sikkim; Himalayan Ecology; Sustainable Development; Biodiversity; Water Security; Climate Vulnerability; Livelihoods; Governance; Institutional Capacity; Tourism and Urbanisation; Organic Agriculture; Social Development; Economic Diversification; Ecological Resilience