Assam’s groundwater is under growing pressure, even though it remains within safe limits for now. Agriculture is the biggest consumer, and with rainfall patterns shifting, more farmers are turning to groundwater for irrigation. While the state has plenty of surface water, inefficient recharge methods, lack of strong policies, and pollution issues are raising concerns. The report highlights the urgent need for better groundwater management, community participation, and policy reforms to ensure a sustainable future.
Assam has a rich network of rivers and underground water reserves, but managing them effectively is a challenge. The state’s annual groundwater recharge is 27.05 BCM, with an extraction rate of 11.73%. This means that while groundwater use is still at a manageable level, growing demand and unchecked withdrawals could lead to future shortages. Farmers, once dependent on surface water, are increasingly drilling borewells, putting strain on underground reserves.
The Assam Groundwater Control and Regulation Act (2012) exists, but enforcement is weak. There’s little oversight of how much water is being extracted, and detailed aquifer mapping—essential for sustainable planning—is missing. Without clear regulations or community involvement, groundwater is being used inefficiently. The report stresses the need for stronger policies, better data collection, and local involvement to manage water more effectively.
The report’s message is clear: Assam needs a holistic, community-driven approach to groundwater management. By combining better conservation techniques, stronger policies, and local engagement, the state can protect its water resources for generations to come.
Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation, Aquifers, Rainwater Harvesting, Water Conservation, Recharge Structures, Sustainable Management, Water Policy, Floods, Community Participation, Assam
Groundwater Management in India - Assam State Report
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